The present study was done to investigate the nephroprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂NPs) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats through the evaluation of some hematological parameters and serum biochemical constituents. One hundred and twenty male albino rats were separated into 6 equal groups. In group (I) rats were received distilled water orally and kept as a control group. Rats in the group (II and III) were injected i.p with cerium oxide nanoparticles at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, b.wt respectively twice weekly for 2 weeks from the 15^th day till the end of the study. In group (IV) rats were received cadmium chloride by oral gavage daily (10 mg/kg, b.wt) for 28 days. Group (VandVI) rats were given cadmium chloride by oral gavage (10 mg/kg, b.wt) for 28 days and injected i.p with CeO₂NPs at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, b.wt respectively twice weekly from the 15^th day till the end of the study. Administration of cadmium resulted in normocytic normochromic anemia, leucocytosis (lymphocytic leucocytosis) then followed by leucopenia and lymphopenia accompanied by thrombocytopenia. The protein profile, high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) enzymes, and sodium levels were significantly decreased. Significantly elevated values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, MDA, and renal markers (urea and creatinine) with misbalanced electrolytes and minerals were noticed. The cerium oxide nanoparticles treatment may improve somewhat reversed effects of Cd on hematological and biochemical alterations, especially when compared with cadmium treated group (group IV).