Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a non-cytopathic virus; therefore, liver damage leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be the direct result of the immune response to viral infection. Cytokines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of HBV. The balance between Th1/Th2 has a great impact on the outcome of HBV infection. Interleukein (IL- and transforming growth factor (TGF-β ) are important regulators of the immune response due to their anti-inflammatory action on the immune system. Given the importance of these cytokines in the complicated immune response against HBV, it is advantageous to assess their levels in the plasma of HBV patients and comparing them with normal healthy controls. Measuring IL-10 and TGF-β levels were achieved by enzyme-linked immunororbent assay (ELISA) in 118 Egyptian HBV patients and 119 normal healthy controls. Our results showed a significant (p<0.001) sharp reduction in the level of IL-10 in comparison to controls. Hepatitis B was significantly correlated with reduction in plasma IL-10 level (r= -0.864; p<0.001). On the other hand there, results presented here indicated that there is a significantly elevated serum level of TGF- β (p<0.001) compared with that of controls. A direct correlation was reported between TGF-β and HBV infection (r= 0.157, p<0.05). Accordingly, high levels of TGF-β may be a mechanism by which immune response against HBV is suppressed. In conclusion, HBV might be associated with reduction in IL-10 coincides with elevation in TGF-β . Our results give a shed of light about the importance in balance between different cytokines in pathogenesis of HBV and its role in suppressing the immune system during viral infection.