Field experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of crop residuals
filled moles on some physical and hydrophysical soil properties as well as to get rid of
these residuals causative the black cloud covered the sky of Egypt. Cotton stalks,
rice straw and com stalks as a complete structure (without grinding) were placed in
moles 30 and 60 em deep. arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another
and spaced at 3, 5 and 7 m apart. Furthermore economical analysis was done by
calculating the net revenue for every treatment to determine the economical
treatment. The moles were constructed by a special ditcher. The experiments were
conducted at EI-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, EI-Gharbia Govemorate,
during three consecutive growing seasons from 2002 to 2004. Cultivated crops
comprised wheat, rice, and onion of bulb seeds in a consecutive sequence. EJ-
Gemmeiza soil is silty clay loam in texture with less than 4% of CaC03. The organic
matter ranges between 2.41 and 1.86 %, the soil pH between 7.85 and 7.91 and the
EC between 5.26 and 5.83 dSm" . The obtained results can be summarized as follows :- 1- The rate of fuel consumption increased 19.51 % by increasing mole depth, and the
power consumption increased from 43.28 to 51.54 tas the mole depth
increased from 30 to 60 cm. The slip ratio also increased reaching maximum values
of 6.22 and 11.53 % at operating forward speed of 3.05 Kmlhr for the two mole
depths of 30 and 60 cm, respectively. 2- Soil penetration resistance decreased by increasing mole depth and by decreasing
mole space and decreased also with all added residuals. 3- The soil bulk density decreased in all treatments, while total soil porosity and void
ratio took the opposite trend. 4- A decrease in the settling percentage was observed in all treatments, indicating a
higher degree of structural stability. 5- The soil hydraulic conductivity and the water holding capacity besides available
water increased in all treatments. 6- Water consumption was decreased and water use efficiency was increased with all
treatments. 7- According to the economic evaluation, the 60 cm mole depth with com stalks at 3 m
spacing was the most valuable compared to other treatments since it gave the
highest net revenue. 8- From the above results, it is more useful to use these treatments with the three
crop residuals at different rates to get a markedly improve in soil physical and
hydro physical properties which reflect on higher yield incorporated with high net
income.