The object of this study is to improve irrigation system in the old land in Nile Valley in Egypt to diminish the water lost in irrigation process by using the systems of Surface Drip Irrigation (SDI) and Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SSDI). The research also, study the effect of previous systems and drought stress on Fennel growth, yield, essential-oil "percentages and yield" and some chemical constituents in two successes seasons. The results showed that in both seasons, SSDI irrigation system increased all characters of vegetative growth, seed yield and essential-oil percentage and yield, compared with the obtained with SDI system. The results also pointed to drought stress inspired a significant decline in all of the growth parameters and the yield of essential-oil at compared with control in SDI system, while the opposite occurred in the SSDI system where 85 % from ETp treatment gave the highest values in growth and essential-oil compared with other treatments. The water productivity (kg/m3) in SSDI system gave the highest values under the same conditions especially at85% of total water applied, in both seasons. Fifteen essential-oil components were recognized about99.81-99.95 % of total contents of essential-oil. The major essential-oil components were Estragol (71.12-75.80 %), D-Limonene (10.18-15.16 %), and Fenchone (5.46-11.45 %).The percentages of these compounds unclear affected by irrigation system and water applied treatments.