The experimental fieldwork was conducted at the On-farm Irrigation Development Project in Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt. The objectives of this work were to study the performance of the improved surface irrigation system and comparing it with the traditional surface irrigation system. The performance indicators were land losses, conveyance efficiency, irrigation time, application efficiency, filed water use efficiency and crop yield. Where the most important results could be summarized as follows: i) The saved agricultural land through using buried pipes as improved Mesqa ranged from about 2.74 % to 2.067 % and in the lining canal it ranged from1.33 % to 1.04 %   compared with traditional earth Mesqa which were occupied by the channels and ridges. ii) Average conveyance efficiencies were as 82.4%, 92.7%, and 98.38% for traditional earthen, lining and buried pipes Mesqas respectively. iii) Average application efficiencies were 81.5 % under improved On-farm surface irrigation (Precession laser land leveling) compared with 59% under traditional surface irrigation. iv)Irrigation time decreased 31.39% by using improved surface irrigation compared with traditional surface irrigation. V)The productivity of wheat and sorghum increased 10.81% and 10.44 % respectively under improved surface irrigation compared with traditional surface irrigation.vi) the values of field water use efficiency (FWUE) for wheat and sorghum were 1.49 kg ∕ m³ and  1.08 kg ∕ m³under improved surface irrigation compared with 0.87 kg ∕m³  and 0.631 kg ∕ m³ under traditional surface irrigation respectively.