Several hundred pesticides of different chemical nature are currently used in large quantities especially in developing countries for the control of agricultural pests. Because of their widespread use, they are detected in various environmental matrices, such as soil, water, and air. The aim of this study is to determine aspects of sediment quality in different sites along the River Nile, by analyzing their content of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides residues. Surface samples from 27 sites were collected from different locations of River-.Nile from Aswan to Damietta Governorate during December 2004 to January 2005. The obtained results detected that thirty-two different pesticide residues were monitored in sediment samples and most of the analyzed sediment samples contained detectable levels of pesticide residues, according to sampling location. Organochlorine pesticides were the main contaminations of sediment samples, while the existences of organophosphorous pesticide were the negligible in the same selected sites. BHC isomers i.e., c1, [3, y, 6; cyclodine i.e., heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, y-chlordane, aldrin, dildrin, endrin and diphenyl trichloro ethan i.e., p, p-DDE, o, p -DDT, p, p-DDD and p, p—DDT were detected at significantly greater concentrations than other pesticides. The geographic distribution of pesticide concentration generally follows regional patterns in agricultural use and the influence of urban area. Upper Egypt Governorates recorded higher concentration of organochlorine pesticide residues than North Egypt Governorates; on the other hand, North Egypt Governorates recorded high concentration of organophosphorous pesticide residues than detected in Upper Egypt Governorates. In general, it was found that the detected amounts of organochlorine pesticide residues always same residue content in sediments from other rivers in the world. However, the detected content of pesticide residues in the studied sediments are in the permissible limits.