This study was conducted to survey the common insect pests that attack peanut plants especially, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and the major piercing sucking insect pests. In addition, it included the evaluation of the percentages of parasitism by the larval parasitoid Microplitis rufiventris Kok. on S. littoralis. The most common associated predators were also surveyed during 2006 and 2007 seasons, in Qalubia Governorate. The maximum total numbers of S. littoralis larvae were recorded during the first week of July, 2006 and 2007. While, the peaks of S. littoralis  parasitism by the parasitoid M. rufiventris were found during the third and the last weeks of June, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The highest total numbers of the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora (which was the only recorded aphid species), were found during the second week of July, 2006 and 2007. The jassid Empoasca spp. individuals were peaked in the last week of July, in 2006 and 2007 seasons. Aphids were more abundant on peanut plants than jassids. The two predators; Coccinella undecimpunctata and syrphids were the highest abundant predatory species surveyed associated with the major insect pests, compared to true spiders. Obtained results proved that, the natural role of the biocontrol agents (parasitoids and predators), against major insect pests attacking peanut plants, must be encouraged and developed. Moreover, it revealed that, the parasitoid M. rufiventris and the predator C. undecimpunctata could have a promising role against S. littoralis and A. craccivora, respectively, in peanut fields or other related fields that are liable by their attack. Biological control techniques by using these beneficial agents represent one of the main concepts of Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) strategies that help to protect man and his surrounding environment from pollution.