This study was carried out on two types of soil: heavy clay soil and light soil that planted with wheat in Minia Governorate - Egypt. The experiment was conducted at the time of wheat harvest to evaluate the effect of tractor exhaust fumes on the Nile grass rats, Arvicanthis niloticus in its burrows. The effect of tractor exhaust was studied in the morning with the start of the tractor operation and at noon after time from the work of the tractor. The exposure periods were 20,15,10 and 5minutes, after which the hose that connected the tractor pipe with the  hole of the burrow is removed, the holes of the burrows are closed with mud. after a week, the burrows of rats were observed to calculate the percentages of burrows that did not open. In heavy lands that treated in the morning, these percentages were 100,100,83.3, and66.7% at exposure periods of 20,15,10 and 5minutes, respectively. In heavy lands that treated in the noon, the percentages of non-working burrows were 100, 83.3, 66.7, and 33.3% at exposure periods of 20, 15, 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of treatments on the Nile grass rats in the light lands declined. In the morning treatment, the percentages of non-working burrows were 83.3, 66.7, 50.0, and 16.7% at exposure periods of 20, 15, 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. While, in the noon treatment, the percentages of non-working burrows were 50.0,33.3,16.7 and 0.0%at exposure periods of 20,15,10 and 5minutes, respectively.