The annual survey of 2006/2007 wheat growing season revealed the presence of thrity two physiologic races of wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia triticina Eriks.). The more frequent race was PTTS (23.07%) followed by race PTTT (12.30%), race TTTS (9.23%), race TTTT (6.15%), race PTTP (4.61%) and the two races PSTN and PTKS which were represented by (3.07%) each. The rest of races were represented by (1.53%) each. However, the more effective leaf rust resistance genes were i.e. Lr2a (73.84%), Lr2b (61.53%) and Lr36 (50.76%). On the other hand , the highest virulence were observed with Lr's i.e., 10; 11, 14b, 17; 16, 21, 30; and 2c, 3, 24 which were represented by 100% susceptibility; 98.46%; 96.92% and 95.38%, respectively. Leaf rust resistance gene(s) probably present in four Egyptian commercial wheat cultivars in comparison with nineteen leaf rust near-isogenic lines against 65 isolates, the cultivars Gemmiza 10, Giza 168 and Sakha 94 probably have Lr's i.e. 9, 16, 24, 11, 17, 30 and 14b. On the other hand, the tested Egyptian wheat cultivars were postulated to the lack of Lr2a, Lr2b and Lr36 which were proved to be the more effective genes in the present study. These results will remain an integral part of resistance breeding program and studies relevant to the epidemology and evaluation of virulence to leaf rust pathogen populations.