Among the red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbest) is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products. Undoubtedly, the excessive use of pesticides and chemical compounds led to a lot of diseases to humans, animals and the environment, in addition to high costs. In the present study two nanoparticles, Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) were used as stored product insect protectants compared to malathion as standard reference. Results obtained cleared showed that malathion had the highest adverse effect on the all parameters studied of T. castaneum adults viz, mortality , offspring and weight loss percentage. Data obtained indicated that the increasing of concentration and exposure period caused increasing in mortality (%) and decreasing in weight loss (%).Also results accentuated that the two nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ and ZnO) significantly inhibited the number of progeny and weight loss (%) and the concentration of 2 g/kg wheat grain had the highest effect based on the LC₅₀ values ZnO was had the most effect compared to Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. Finally, although malation was the premier, the present study suggest to use Al₂O₃ and ZnO nanoparticles in integrated pest management programs as alternative to chemical insecticides where they are considered safe for humans if compared with synthetic insecticide.