The bird Cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L) causes serious damage in cereal producing countries including Egypt. The biological performance and development of R. padi on ten Egyptian wheat cultivars including Giza 148, Giza 152, Giza 156, Gimmiza 11, Misr 1, Misr 2, Shandwel 1, Sids 1, Sids 12 and sids 13 were investigated at seedling stage of wheat. The results revealed that Misr 2 expressed the lowest percentage of nymphal mortality (20.76%), the longer adult longevity (11.8 days), and the highest mean total number of offspring/ female (50.33 nymph). On contrast, Sids 13 had the lowest mean number of offspring/ female (9.33 nymph) than all cultivars except Gimmiza 11 (10.33 nymph). Furthermore, Sids 13 showed shorter adult longevity (3.3 days). On the other hand, Gimmiza 11 assured that significantly the lowest mean offspring number/ reproduction day (2.13 nymph) compared to the tested cultivars except Sids 13 and Sids 1 (2.67 and 3.20 nymph. Respectively). Also, Gimmiza 11 recorded that higher percentage of the nymphal mortality (60.35%). In addition, life table parameters were estimated for R. padi. Aphids fed on Misr 2 had significantly the highest R₀ values (53.43 aphids per aphid). While Gimmiza 11 and Sids 13 cleared that the lowest values (5.53 and 6.35 aphids/ aphid, respectively). Sids 13 and Gimmiza 11 showed that the lowest values for mean generation time (T_c) (2.94 and 3.89 days) than all cultivars. No significant differences were found among all tested cultivars for innate capacity for increase (r_c).