The present study was designed to investigate the effect of rice straw compost, recommended mineral fertilizers, Organic Insecticides and chemical Insecticides on the abundance pattern of natural enemies in rice ecosystems. To maximize rice productivity, rice growers tend to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides particularly to control different pest species, regardless of damage levels. Accordingly, rice fauna of natural enemies is severely impaired, leading to unbalanced rice ecosystems. The current investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh during 2016 and 2017 rice seasons. Using both D–Vac machine and pit–fall traps, parasitoids and predator insects were surveyed. Twelve hymenopterous parasitoid species were surveyed. Most of the parasitoid species were found belonging to Mymaridae, Trichogrammatidae and Braconidae. Twenty insect predator species, related to 13 families and seven orders, were identified, most of which are belonging to Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Also this study aimed to surveying natural enemies (parasitoids and predator insects) and the effect of compost as an organic fertilizer on population densities of such beneficial insects. Although the application of insecticides successfully controlled insect pests, these chemicals have almost eradicated (more than 90 % reduction) the natural enemies. Biocide applications, especially Achook (Neem) and Tracer, achieved a considerable insect pest control, with population reductions of 33.30-57.32 and 10-46.01%, respectively. Unfortunately, the evaluated biocides induced mortalities to the considered natural enemies, but with too much less levels than did the insecticides. The current results indicate that the biocides could be applied to control rice insects in case of moderate insect infestations, with taking into consideration that they are not completely safe to the beneficial insects.