The present investigation was conducted to determine the genetic behavior of 14 genetically diverse genotypes of sesame in Shandaweel Research Station (ARC), during the two summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, for seed yield and their components using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences among evaluated sesame genotypes for all studied traits were observed. The highest mean values of 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant were obtained from the genotype M₂A₂₃, while the lowest mean value was obtained from the genotype B-42. Number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant had the highest estimates of PCV and GCV. High heritability combined with the high genetic advance (as a percent of mean) was observed in length of fruiting zone, number of branches/ plants, number of capsules/ plants, and seed yield/ plant, showed that these traits were controlled by additive genetic influences. Seed yield /plant had positive and highly significant correlated with the length of fruiting zone in both branched genotypes and non- branched genotypes. Moreover, length of fruiting zone, number of capsules /plant and 1000- seed weight had great positive direct effects on seed yield/plant. Hence, these characteristics could be helpful in increasing sesame seed yield.