The present study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, during three successive winter seasons (2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009). In order to improve caraway population in growth characters and fruit yield; two cycles of mass selection were done. The base population (C₀) from the local variety (Balady) seeds were sown on rows 75 cm apart and 50 cm between hills. At maturity stage, selection was done on the basis of high yielding 20% of the plants. Fruits of previous selected plants were bulked together and sown to raise the next generation (C₁). At the end of C₁ and C₂ the selection intensity was raised to about 40%. Each selected plant fruits were weighted and oil content was determined. The results of this study showed that mass selection led to increase homogeneity of plant height and number of branches / plant with reduces the variability. Concerning fruit yield the results also, declared that the fruit yield/ plant was increased from C₀ to C₂, although the decreased of volatile oil percentage from C₀ to C₂, without significant differences between the three population. In the future more than two cycles are needed for continuous improvement in yield/plant and the percentage of volatile oil.