Organic fertilizer and water management are essential factors for achieving adequate cabbage development and productivity. Two field experiments were conducted in a clay loam soil at a private farm located at Aga district, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2009 and 2010. The effect of three irrigation levels (35, 45 and 55% depletion from the available soil moisture), three rice straw compost rates (0, 5 and 10 ton/fed.) and their interactions were studied on yield, chemical composition and water use efficiency of cabbage cv. Balady  Mohassan. Results indicated that the water deficit treatment (irrigation at 55% depletion from the available soil moisture throughout growing season) had significant decreases in outer leaves weight, edible head weight, edible head diameter, marketable yield, N, P and K accumulation in head leaves and seasonal applied water, and had significant increases in nitrate accumulation in inner leaves and water use efficiency in both seasons. On the other hand, all studied characters except seasonal applied water were significantly increased with increasing rice straw compost rates in both seasons. The interaction between the two studied factors had significant effects on all the studied parameters in both seasons. Generally, it could be concluded that the treatment of 45% depletion from the available soil moisture within 10 ton rice straw compost per fedden was the best combination and it is recommended for cabbage cv. Balady Mohassan grown under similar field conditions in order to get higher economical yield and to save irrigation water.