Two field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons of2010 and 2011 at Kaha Horticulture Research Station (Qalubia Governorate) to study the effect of sowing dates and plant populations (density and distribution) on growth, dry seed production potentiality and its quality of cowpea cv. Kaha 1. The treatments consisted of combination between  three times of sowing i.e. 1^st May, 1^st June; 1^st July and six plant populations i.e. 20, 13 and10 plants/ m², on one side per row, with 50 cm row spacing  as well as 28, 20 and14 plants/m², on two sides per row, with 70 cm row spacing. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Cowpea sown on 1^st May recorded significant higher values of growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area and dry weight/plant as well as seed yield and its components compared to the sown date of 1^st July. The results showed that high plant density recorded higher values ​​for plant height and low values ​​in the number of leaves, branches and leaf area in addition to the plant dry weight, while the results were just the opposite in the low-density. The results showed that dry cowpea seed yield increased by increasing plant density, especially with the distribution plants on both sides of the width row. But there was a significant increase in the yield components by low number of plants per unit area. The results showed that the interaction between sowing dates and plant density was significant for yield and its components and the highest values of dry seed yield resulted from sowing in 1^st May with the number of plants, 28 plants per square meter and sowing on both sides of the row width of 70 cm.