This work was carried out in two winter seasons plantations of 2010 and 2011 on garlic at sids Horticulture Research, A. Research center Benisuif Governorate. which does not compose seeds under normal growing conditions to improve the crop by mutations breeding, clove seeds of two cultivars of garlic; Balady and Egaseed-1 were exposed, before planting, to five different doses of gamma-rays (1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 Gy). Also, the second part from the same clove seeds were treated with four levels of di–ethyel sulphate (DES) and di (2-chloro ethyel) amine (DEA) (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%).The effect of these treatments on some characteristics were evaluated in the first (M1V1) and second (M1V2) mutant–vegetative generation. Generally, it was found that, higher doses of gamma-irradiation decreased the studied growth, yield and its components,  chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids when compared with the untreated plants in the two cultivars. The high concentrations of DES and DEA mutagens increased most of the studied characteristics in the M1V1 and M1V2 in both generations. In the mutants, low concentration of DES and DEA increased most of the studied characters in the M1V1 generation in both cultivars. The higher magnitudes of the range values in most of the evaluated characters such as number of cloves per bulb, bulb diameter, clove size and fresh and cured yield were detected, reflecting the genetic differences among the tested treatments for these characters in both cultivars.  Based on the correlation studies, the improvement in number of leaves, plant height and bulb diameter will bring simultaneous improvement of garlic yield in both Balady and Eggaseed populations.