The present investigation was conducted using six flax genotypes with their 15 F₂ crosses grown under two environments {normal soil (E₁= Kafr El-Hamam – Shrkia Governorate) and saline soil (E₂= Tag El-Ezz,- El Dakahlia Governorate)} to determine the combining ability and gene action of some agronomic flax characters in these entries (parents and their crosses). In 2009/10 season, the six parents { P₁= Giza 8, P₂ (S.402/1) , P₃ (S.420/140/5/11), P₄ (S.421/43/14/7), P₅ (S.533/39/5/3) and P₆ (Daniela)} as well as their 15 progenies were sown in first week of November to evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at the two above- mentioned locations. High ratio of GCA/SCA revealed that additive played greater role than non-additive genetic effects in the inheritance of straw weight and its components as well as seed weight, 1000-seed weight and number of seeds/capsule under the two environments and combined analysis. On the other hand, both additive and non-additive types of gene action were involved in the inheritance of number of capsules/plant. Mean squares of interaction between environment and both types of combining ability for most studied traits revealed that the magnitude of both additive and non-additive types of gene action varied from environment to another. Whereas the non-additive genetic effects are more influenced by saline environment than additive effects in each of straw weight, plant height, technical stem length, seed weight, 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per capsule. While, additive gene effects were much more influenced by saline environment than non-additive effects for number of capsules per plant. P₅(S.533/39/5/3) exhibited good general combining ability effects for straw weight per plant and its two important components; plant height and technical stem length in addition P₂ for both seed weight and 1000-seed weight as well as P₁ for 1000-seed weight under the two environments and combined data. For Sij effects, one cross (P₅´P₆) which exhibited positive significant SCA effects for straw weight per plant and its components as well as seed weight per plant and number of capsules per plant in addition three crosses (P₁xP₃, P₁xP₆ and P₄xP₆) for 1000-seed weight under the two environments and combined analysis. Therefore, these crosses are suitable in breeding program for increasing the previous characters. The correlation between cross means and their SCA values was significant and positive for straw weight and its components as well as seed yield and its two important components, number of capsules per plant and 1000-seed weight indicating that high performing crosses were high specific combinations.