Two factorial experiments were conducted to study the effect of grain priming tretmenton two rice cultivars  namely, Sakha 101 and Giza 178 on germination indices under salinity (NaCl) or draught (PEG)  condition at the same water potentials, The treatments were done 4 times of hydro-priming 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. The osmotic potential levels of 0.0, -4, -8 and -12 bar were induced by NaCl or PEG-6000. The results showed that hydro-priming for 48 h caused significant improvement of germination indices under water stress condition in comparison with other priming treatments. Also NaCl or PEG, in general, inhibited the germination process as reflected by a decrease in the germination percentage, root and shoot lengths as well as fresh and dry weight. The studied rice cultivars Sakha 101 and Giza 178 and the reduction was significantly higher in Sakha101 compared to Giza178. It  could be concluded that Giza 178 proved to be more  tolerant against drought and salt stress conditions than Sakha 101. In addition, germination process and seedling growth may be enhanced by priming rice grains in water for48 h.