The climate is changing all over the world, particularly in sem-arid and arid regions. This changing climate could strongly affect cowpea production worldwide. As the world population continues to grow, and water resource for crop production decline and temperature increase, so the development of heat and drought tolerance cultivars is an issue of global concern. In this context, two cycles of selection were employed in the F₂ generation of a cross between to assess the impact of selection on seed yield in response to drought. Family selection and within-family selection were adopted in the second cycle of selection. The observed response to selection for dry seed yield was 7.27% in the F₃ generation and 4.09 and 19.82% in the F₄ generation for family and within family selection, respectively. The main dry seed yield of F₃ generation exceeded that of two standard cultivars ("Cream 12" and "Azmerly") by 20.62 and 10.54%, respectively. While the mean of F₄ selection exceeded that of the two standard cultivars by 39.60 and 26.46%, respectively. Significant positive correlations were obtained for weight of 100-seeds (2.8), Pod length (3.91) and number of seeds/pod (3.29) in the F₃ generation but not in the second cycle of selection. Generally, the observed response to selection were greater than the predicted response indicating the presence of dominant gene affects for the trait studied.