The present study aims to investigate morphology, and anatomy of Astragalus vogelii, Bassia muricata and Morettia philaeana growing in Abu Tartur region, that lies between Kharga and Dakhla Oases in Western Desert of Egypt. Polyphenols, flavonoids, fatty acids, protein-amino acids as well as antioxidant activity of these plants were detected. The stems, leaves and roots have the general anatomical features of dicotyledons and the aerial surface of the epidermal cells covered by thick protective cuticle. Multicellular trichomes could be distinguished. The root of A. vogelii exhibited anomalous secondary thickening with rough surface periderm while those of Bassia and Morettia possess normal secondary thickening and have well-defined periderm. The highest values of polyphenols and flavonoids content were recorded in Bassia and Astragalus, respectively. Six essential and seven non-essential amino acids were identified in Astragalus shoot. GLC analysis of fatty acids revealed the presence of ten fatty acids in Bassia and twelve in Morettia shoots. The methanolic extracts of the plants showed antioxidant activity.