Viability and performance of soybean Seeds were obviously affected by pod position on the plant and storage period so that they don't have germination capacity above the standard of certified seed (75%) and produce pour performance under field conditions. The objective of the present research was to determine the effect of pod position on the plant and open-air storage conditions for 3,6 and 18 months on soybean seed quality as expressed by germination traits, seed and seedling vigor under optimal and sub-optimal conditions in the laboratory and the field during 2012 and 2013 seasons. The results revealed that seeds from the upper third part of the plant tended to have high quality including seed weight, laboratory germination before and after aging, germination rate, seedling length and its dry matter, electrical conductivity as well as field emergence. Seed quality was also influenced by storage period, the longer the period the lower seed quality. However, soybean seed can be stored safety without dramatic changes in quality attributes for 6 months. Seed deteriorating was related to the genetic makeup .Protein and oil seed content within each cultivar were not significantly affected by storage period. Oil acidity, acid value and free fatty acids were increased with increasing storage period, while Peroxide value was decreased... However, prolonging storage period up to 18 months (carried- over seeds) should be under controlled conditions in order to maintain seed quality unchanged. Furthermore, economical study is need to determining the benefit of using certain part of the plant for future plant purpose as compared with using the whole harvested seeds.