The physical characteristics of Egyptian Jatropha curcas seeds were studied. The average of whole seed mass, kernel weight, shell weight, percentage kernel mass of whole seeds and percentage shell mass of whole seeds were 0.69 g, 0.47 g, 0.22 g, 68.12 % and  31.88 %, respectively. Biochemical composition proved that J.curcas seeds are a good source of protein (32.88 %), oil (27.36 %) and carbohydrates (30.11 %). The seeds are rich in various micro-elements, i.e. Mn, Fe, and Zn which recorded 28.37, 0.38 and 47.13 mg/kg, respectively as well as macro- elements, i.e., K, Ca, Na, Mg and P, which recorded 103.13, 34.21, 8.44, 109.89 and 185.17 mg/kg, respectively. The seeds contain 52.59 mg/100g, 25.58 mg/g, 39.95 mg/100g and 1.51 g/100g of phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor activity, total phenols and saponins, respectively. Therefore, it could be inferred that the seeds is nutritionally promising because of its high nutrient content and low antinutrient level. The effect of some biological treatments (soaking, germination and roasting) and some chemical treatments (NaHCO₃, ethanol extraction and NaOH) were successful inactivating the antinutrients.