The response of legumes to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. can be affected by many factors. Little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations of rhizobia affect this response. In about 60% of the fields surveyed in the area under investigation in Egyptian new reclaimed soils at lsmaelia, the roots of peanut (Arachis hypogaea ) plants had no nodules. The aim of this study was determine the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium so. on modulation and pod yields in peanut. inoculated plants were compared with the un-inoculated ones receiving nitrogen fertilizer (positive control) and that no fertilized (negative control). In all experiments the nodules dry weight from the inoculated plants was higher than that in the un-inocuiated (negative control) or fertilized treatments (positive control). The negative control treatment gave 30% lower yield of peanut than that in inoculated or the N— fertilized treatment, while the latter two treatments gave similar yields. it can be concluded that the use of inoculants have an advantageous and very important to peanut cropping in Egypt .