Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of death and disability in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the common causative agents of bacterial meningitis in children. The diagnosis requires an analysis of cerebrospinalfluid (CSF), this requires a lumbar puncture to confirmthe presence of inflammatory cells in the cerebrospinal fluid,to identify the infecting pathogen, and to guide antimicrobialtherapy. We have identified the 40 kDaprotein from S. pneumoniae in CSF and Serumwith no significant differences between the antigen in serum and CSF and we used Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the detection of soluble pneumococcal antigen in serum and CSF samples. So; it is possible to use serum samples in the detection of the S. pneumoniae antigeninstead of CSF samples.