The effect of pentoxifylline on sperm viability and fertility was investigated after hypothermic preservation of ram semen in a liquid or frozen form. Prestorage fortification of Tris-based extenders with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 3.00 mM pentoxifylline significantly (P < 0.05) augmented the survival of spermatozoa at 5°C compared with control extenders or extenders fortified with 5.00, 10.00, 15.00 and 20.00 mM pentoxifylline. Whereas, post thaw supplementation of cryopreserved (in the form of pellets) ram semen with 15.00 mM pentoxifylline did minimize the rapid deterioration (within 3 hours of post thaw incubation at 30°C) in sperm motility without any valuable improvement in pregnancy rates of cervically inseminated ewes.