The current study was carried out at Sakha Animal Production Research Station, belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, during September breeding season of ewes and does. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of use of oxytocin and PG hormonal treatments in synchronization of oestrus and subsequent fertility of ewes and does during the breeding season. A total of 30 mature crossbred ewes (1l2 Finnish Landrace. 1f2 Rahmani) of 3- 4 years of age and 45-50 kg body weight, and 30 does (132 Damascus . 1l2 Baladi) of similar age and 35-40 kg body weight were used. Animals of each species were divided into 3 similar groups (10 animals each). in each species, animals were intramuscularly injected with double doses 11 days apart of25 |.U. oxytocin, for the ‘1H group (25 Ox) ; 50 LU. oxytocin for the 2"" group (50 Ox) and 0.? ml Cloprostenol for the 3'“I group (PG). In both species, all females were detected for the heat occurrence starting from 24 hrs post-treatment. Females came In estrus following 2““1 injection were artificially inseminated with fresh semen twice, 24 and 36 h alter the onset of oestrus. Blood samples were collected from all treated females for determination of plasma progesterone concentration. Full response of both species to treatment with 50 Ox or PG, while 25 Ox group < /p> resulted in low rates of the occurrence of estrus. The earliest time of oestrous response was detected in treated ewes and does in PG group, while the moderate time in ewes and does of (Six-treatments (50 Ox and 25 Ox)- After day 11 progesterone level dropped sharply within 24 hr in response to different treatment in both sheep and goats. Post insemination, no clear differences occurred between treatment groups in progesterone profile in pregnant ewes and does up to day 30 when progesterone level was markedly lower in Ox groups than in PG one and lower in group 25 Ox than in 50 Ox. Ewes of the low oxytocin dose (25 Ox) had similar fertility rate to that for those treated with PG. ln does, fertility was significantly higher in the group of 25 Ox than in the other two groups. It is of interest to observe that the hormonal treatment effect markedly on litter size of does and ewes. in conclusion, oxytocin in the low dose (25 IU) is not recommended and that in dose of 50 IU may be used in some cases. More studies in this field are needed.