A total number of 36 females and 12 males of New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study to investigate the effect of different lighting period on reproductive performance of female rabbits.  Rabbit dose weight ranged between 2.5o to 3.00 kg and aging 5-6 months old.  Females were divided into three groups  (12 doe each ) according to the following lighting systems : long photoperiod (16L:8D) ; short photoperiod (8L:16D) and alternative photoperiod (8L:16D) followed by  (16L:8D)  for 6 days before mating .The results indicate that, right and left ovaries weight , right ovary length , ovulation rate  , placental weight , and uterus weight were significantly different between the three groups. However, left ovarian length, right and left of oviduct weight and length , implantation rate , fetus weight, absorption rate and embryonic mortality were not significant. Litter size was increased under Alternative light and long light compare by the  short photoperiod one. There were highly significant differences between the three groups in LH level with on  increase for alternative photoperiod .It is concluded that alternative photoperiod is more efficient than long or short photoperiod to obtain a good reproductive performance of female rabbits .