This study was carried out at the Experimental Nursery of the Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, during the two successive seasons of 2002/2003 and 2003/2004, with the aim of investigating the feasibility of using bio-fertilizers as a partial alternative to chemical NPK fertilization for producing jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link.) plants in three types of soil (sand, clay and calcareous sand). Plants grown in each type of soil received the following fertilization treatments: (1) Control (unfertilized), (2) NPK fertilizer (21:7:7, N:P2O5:K2O) at 2 g /pot/2 months, (3) half the NPK rate (i.e., 1 g /pot/2 months) + Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphaticum, (4) ½ NPK + Azotobacter chroococcum, (5) ½ NPK + Azospirillum lipoferum, (6) ½ NPK + Azotobacter chroococcum + B. megatherium var. Phosphaticum, (7) ½ NPK + Azospirillum lipoferum + B. megatherium var. Phosphaticum, (8) ½ NPK + Azotobacter chroococcum + B. megatherium var. Phosphaticum + Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (9) ½ NPK + Azospirillum lipoferum + B. megatherium var. Phosphaticum + P. aeruginosa, or (10) ½ NPK + Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum + B. megatherium var. Phosphaticum + P. aeruginosa. In general, plants grown in sand or clay gave better results (with sand giving the best vegetative growth, and clay giving the best chemical composition) than those grown in calcareous sand. In both seasons, plants grown in sand gave the highest mean values for number of leaves/plant, leaves fresh and dry weights, fresh weights of stems and roots, N percentage in leaves, and K percentage in roots. Plants grown in clay gave the highest mean values (in both seasons) for total carbohydrates percentage in leaves, chlorophylls “a", “b" and total chlorophyll contents in leaves, and P percentages in all plant parts (leaves, stems and roots). The best results for most of the other morphological and chemical characteristics (viz., plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf area, dry weights of stems and roots) were obtained with sand in one season, and with clay in the other. In contrast, calcareous sand gave the highest mean values for the N percentage in stems and roots, and the K percentage in stems (in both seasons), as well as the highest carotenoids content and K percentage in leaves in the second season. Most of the fertilization treatments had a favorable effect on the different growth and chemical composition characteristics, with NPK giving generally lower values than combinations of ½ NPK and bio-fertilization. Also, in many cases combining ½ NPK with two or more bacterial strains (i.e. combining nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria) gave higher values than using ½ NPK with only one bacterial strain. The relative effectiveness of the fertilization treatments, compared to each other, varied from one plant characteristic to the other. For example, treatment (5) gave the greatest plant height, while treatments (7) and (10) gave the highest stem diameter, and treatments (8) and (7) gave the highest number of branches (in the first and second seasons, respectively). Accordingly, the recommended fertilization treatment varies depending on the effect that is required.