Background: liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving procedure for patients with chronic end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure.  Aim of the study: was to evaluate the effect of instructional scheme for patients undergoing liver transplantation surgery on their performance.  Materials and Method:  A quasi- experimental research design was used to conduct this study. A convenient sample of patients who were scheduled for liver transplantation surgery through 6 months from the beginning of June 2014 to the end of November 2014, they were (30) patients, who were attended from liver transplantation unit and out- patient's (clinic) in Gastro Enterology Center at Mansoura University. Three main tools were used to collect data; 1) - Socio demographic and patient heath history sheet, 2) - Pre/ post knowledge assessment questionnaire sheet, and 3) - patient's practices sheet. Results: a significant statistical difference was found in relation to the total and subtotal mean knowledge scores during different assessment periods with P value <0.05*& a significant statistical difference was found in relation to the total and subtotal mean practice scores during post implementation periods at P value <0.05*.  Conclusion: Liver transplantation patients showed an improvement in their knowledge and practice scores. This improvement was manifested in their immediately and after instructional scheme implementation total and subtotal mean knowledge and practice scores. Recommendations: All patients who are scheduled for liver transplantation and their families are in need to an adequate knowledge and practices to help them to adapt with their life after transplantation. Further studies have to be carried out in order to assess nurse's knowledge and practices regarding care of liver transplantation. Replication of the study on a large probability sample selected from different geographical areas to obtain generalized data.