Different techniques (Blood culture, Widal test and ELISA) were carried out to detect the presence of Salmonella organisms and/or their antigens or antibodies in order to evaluate the role of such organisms as a cause of the fever frequently encountered in bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly. This study was done on 68 cases, classified into 3 groups: group I, bilharizal hepatosplenomegaly with fever, group Il, bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly without fever and group II, clinical enteric fever. Comparison of results indicated that Salmonella somatic antigen detection by ELISA was more sensitive than by Widal test (100% vs 50%) in group I. On the other hand specificity of Widal test (60%, gp. I, 94.4 gp. II, 77.8% gp. III) was greater than ELISA (45% gp. I, 77.8% gp.ll, 66.6 gp. II), using blood culture as gold standared. ELISA techniqueis more sensitive but less specific than Widal test in detection of Salmonella infection.