Protein electrophoretic banding patterns of SDS-PAGE and RAPD-PCR analyses were performed to establish molecular diversity pattern for five soybean cultivars (Crawford, Giza 22, Giza 21, Giza 35 and Giza 111) and to elucidate their genetic relationships. The results of protein banding pattern showed a low level of polymorphism, so cannot be used for complete discrimination among the five cultivars under study. However, the results of protein profiles could be considered as indicators for general protein model pattern for the studied soybean cultivars. On the other hand, RAPD-PCR profiles revealed high levels of polymorphism among the five cultivars. Four 10-mer arbitrary primers successfully generated reproducible polymorphic products. Both number and size of the amplified products varied considerably with different primers and a sum of 22 polymorphic and 9 monomorphic bands were generated in all cultivars that used. A total of 8 unique bands were also identified. Two of the primers were more successful in cultivar's identification since they produced unique bands that are characteristics of each cultivar under study. The combination of all polymorphic bands generated by the four primers, were enough to discriminate between the examined soybean cultivars. Various combinations of the three RAPD decamer oligonucleotides had been used in the single-primer to increase the potential of the PCR reaction. To elucidate the genetic relationship, a dendrogram was constructed using both SDS-PAGE and RAPD profiles. The resulting dendrogram revealed three main genetic clusters; the first cluster include Giza22, Crawford and Giza35, while the second cluster, comprised the cultivar Giza21, and the third cluster comprised the cultivar Giza111. The first group has been subdivided into two subgroups; the first subgroup comprised one cultivar (Giza35) whereas the second subgroup included the two cultivars Giza22 and Crawford.