Background: Critical psychiatric nurses have a vital role in identifying and treating the physiologic anxiety and fear experienced by surgical patients such as the patients with major and minor operations. Aim of the study: was to assess level of anxiety and fear preoperative and Compare between levels of anxiety and fear pre major or minor operation Regarding Patients Undergoing Surgery in Al-Ahrar hospital at Zagazig City. Subjects & Methods: Research design: A descriptive comparative design was used in carrying out this study. Setting: The present study was conducted in Al-Ahrar hospital at Zagazig City. Subjects: Sample size, simple random sample of 126 patients undergoing surgery. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used for data collection: Demographic data and Medical history. Visual Analog Scale. And factors affecting fear and anxiety scale. Results: Total anxiety and fear scores before operation 77.8% in comparison of patients with minor operation 49.2% with p. value 0.001. Total anxiety and fear scores during operation for patients with major operation was 77.8% in comparison of patients with minor operation was 52.4% with p. value 0.002. Total of anxiety and fear scores after major operation was 69.8% in comparison of patients with minor operation 49.2% with p. value 0.018. fear and anxiety of preoperative patient is positively influenced by age, female gender, educated and worker patients, and study showed that there was statistically significant difference between patients with major operation and minor operation and total fear and anxiety scores before, during and after operation Conclusion: there was positive relation between fear and anxiety and type of operation. Recommendations: establishing psychological counseling at hospital to assist patients and psychiatric nurses to improve relation and trust. Further research is proposed to assess the effectiveness of training programs fostering applied knowledge on patients and psychiatric nurses.