Abstract:
Following an entropy approach that replaced time by entropy in Maxwell's wave equation and reviewing experimental results, it was possible to prove a unique nature of electrons as particles, a unique nature of light as waves and to end the duality confusion. Additionally, the postulate of energy quantization into quanta each of magnitude "hv " is proved as a conflict to the energy's nature as electromagnetic waves. Such conclusions led to violating main postulates of the quantum theory. Similarly, Schrodinger's equation that was introduced as a foundation of quantum mechanics to protest the duality confusions looses its meaning as the electron has a unique nature. According to the introduced entropy approach and measurement results, the photoelectric effect is found as a thermoelectric effect whose efficiency may approach the efficiency of Carnot cycle. Such conclusion violates the analysis of Shockley and Queisser that depends on the quantum approach and predicted an experimentally broken efficiency limit. As a conclusion, it is found that the entropy principles and the introduced entropy approach are rather realistic in microscopic analysis of thermodynamic systems when compared to the reviewed quantum theory.