The present study aimed to analyze the effect of stocking densities and feeding rates on growth performance and fish production of O. niloticus reared in earthen ponds. This experiment was conducted for 7 months extended from May to November, 2016 in 12 earthen ponds at Parsik Culture, Idko, Behira Governorate, Egypt. Each pond has 2 feddan with an average depth of 1.0 m. Monosex fries of Oreochromis niloticus were divided into 4 treatments {T₁: stocking density of 6 fish/m³ with a feeding rate of 2.5%; T₂: 6 fish/m³ with a feeding rate of 3.5%; T₃: 8 fish/ m³ with a feeding rate of 2.5% and T₄: 8 fish/ m³ with a feeding rate of 3.5%}, each treatment had 3 replicates. Results showed that the highest values of growth performance (growth in length, length gain, daily length gain, growth in weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and specific growth rate) of O. niloticus were recorded in T₃(high stocking density and low feeding rate). On the other hand, the lowest values of these parameters were recorded in T₁ (low stocking rate with low feeding rate). The best average of food conversion ratio (1.37± 0.025) was recorded in T₃ and its a bad average (1.56±0.034) was recorded in T₂. Also, the highest average values of protein efficiency, feed efficiency ratio was recorded in T3, and their lowest values were recorded in T₂. The maximum total costs were calculated for T₄ and its minimum values were calculated for T₁. But, the maximum net income value was obtained from T₃ and the minimum net income value was obtained from T₁. Conclusion: The growth performance, the best food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio of O. niloticus reared in earthen ponds was positively correlated with high stocking density (8 fish/ m³) and not correlated with feeding rates (2.5 or 3.5%). The net income of O. niloticus cultured in earthen ponds was positively correlated with high stocking density and low feeding rate (8 fish/ m³ with a feeding rate of 2.5%).