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Study of Reclaimed Water Reuse Standards and Prospects in Irrigation in Egypt

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The subjects of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of excessive significance, especially in regions where the lack of conventional resources is an essential problem, as it is in the situation of Egypt. This paper examines the present status for the reuse of reclaimed water in Egypt, future national water plan for reclaimed water reuse, reviewing reclaimed water reuse standards for indirect irrigation in Egypt, organizations, countries that have modified reuse of reclaimed water standards. In addition, proposing standards for reclaimed water reuse in irrigation purposes aimed to maximize environmental outcomes. The proposed standards are in terms of salinity, nutrients, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), pathogens, trace elements, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The proposed turbidity (NTU) for cooking vegetables is 10, total suspended solids for cooking vegetables 10 mg/L and for cooking crops for human consumption is 35 mg/L. BOD concentration for cooking crops for human consumption is 35 mg/L, and for cooking vegetables is 15 mg/L and COD concentration is 35 mg/L. The proposed standards put concentrations in mg/L for Aluminium (Al), Cobalt (Co), Beryllium (Be), Lithium (Li), and Vanadium (V) that not detected in the Egyptian local Decree 92/2013 as 0.5, 0.05, 0.02, 0.5, and 0.05 respectively, in addition, the Decree put high levels of Molybdenum (Mb) (0.07 mg/L), the proposed concentration is 0.01 mg/L. In addition, USEPA 2012 standards for pathogens are proposed in this study. This study is expected to encourage reclaimed water reuse in Egypt in irrigation practices.

DOI

10.21608/pserj.2019.16840.1008

Keywords

Sustainable Reclaimed Water Reuse, Indirect Irrigation, Irrigation Water, Standards, Egypt

Authors

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

Gabr

MiddleName

EL Sayed

Affiliation

Street No. 3, ELKelany Building, Port Foud, Port Said, Egypt.

Email

m_egabr@yahoo.com

City

Port Foud

Orcid

0000-0003-2448-601X

Volume

24

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

11516

Issue Date

2020-03-01

Receive Date

2019-09-10

Publish Date

2020-03-01

Page Start

65

Page End

75

Print ISSN

1110-6603

Online ISSN

2536-9377

Link

https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/article_77408.html

Detail API

https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=77408

Order

7

Type

Original Article

Type Code

813

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Port-Said Engineering Research Journal

Publication Link

https://pserj.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Study of Reclaimed Water Reuse Standards and Prospects in Irrigation in Egypt

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023