The manufacture of nanoparticles has resulted in modern developments in nanotechnology. Metallic nanoparticles have been used successfully in biological applications, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are especially noticeable. Gold nanorods and spherical nanorods nanoparticles get a lot of attention. Electronic, surface plasmon resonance, optical, and physicochemical features are some of their inherent qualities. That may be changed by altering the particle's characterizations such as size, shape, or environment, aspect ratio, synthesis ease, and functionalization qualities. Consequence effect on their diversity of applications in biomedicine (cells and pathogenic microorganisms), included the sensing, imaging, targeted, photothermal, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy. AuNPs are stable and biocompatible, and their capabilities as antibacterial can be improved by altering their shapes and sizes or adding chemicals. AuNPs can also boost the antibacterial properties of laden antibacterial medicines by acting as drug transporters and also could play a stronger antibacterial function for efficient antibacterial methods against several resistant bacteria after being modulated and coupled with other antibacterial medications. Modified AuNPs can be an excellent substance for photothermal therapy to destroy pathogens. Many materials can gain antibacterial characteristics by adding biologically adjusted AuNPs.