The influence of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), as a non-conventional solid-state process, on the surface of Ti-VT1-0 substrate has been examined in the current work. SMAT has been carried out using ball milling attritor at different milling times. The treated Ti-substrates have been characterized using optical microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),and Vicker's hardness measurement. A highly deformed layer, like coated layer, was observed at the surfaces of the substrates. This layer consists of fine grain structure with no clear variation with the SMAT time. However the hardness measurement showed a systemic behavior of hardness with increasing the SMAT time. The hardness behavior was initially increasing by increasing SMAT time up to 60min. A drop in hardness values is associated with further treatment time up to 240min. XRD results were consistent with the hardness behaviour and showed a notable broadening and peak intensity reduction with increasing SMAT time up to 60min followed by a peak intensity increases by increasing SMAT time up to 240min.