This study was carried out on 158 cows. Animals were reared in a well-managed private Holstein herd located in Northwestern Egypt. All cows were divided into two treatment groups. Group I (n = 79, of which 49 cows with normal parturition and 30 cows with dystocia) were received an intramuscular injection of 5 ml Oxytocin (Oxytocin®, each ml contains 10 IU oxytocin, ADWIA, Egypt) one hour post-calving. Group II (n = 79, of which 49 cows with normal parturition and 30 cows with dystocia) were received an intramuscular injection of 5 ml Methergin (each ml contains 1 ml of injection solution which contains 0.2 mg methylergometrine hydrogen maleate, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) one hour after calving. Results showed numerical reduction in the incidence of placental retention (8.86%) in Methergin-treated cows compared to 16.46% in oxytocin-treated cows and a higher incidence of sub-involuted uterus (16.46% vs. 12.66%) and a tendency (P = 0.11) for higher incidence of metritis (25.32% vs. 13.92%) were detected in Methergin-treated cow, compared to oxytocin-treated herd-mates. no effects of either treatments on post-partum cyclicity in treated cows. However, numerical differences were observed for days to conception which were numerically lower (79.90±4.68 days) in Methergin-treated cows, compared to 90.18±8.64 days in oxytocin-treated cows. Also, the first insemination conception rate was numerically higher in oxytocin-treated cows (35.38%) than in Methergin-treated cows (29.23%). We concluded that the post-calving treatment of dairy cows with Methergin reduced the incidence of placental retention while the treatment with Oxytocin reduced the incidence of metritis and the rate of sub-involuted uterus and increase the first insemination conception rate.