Background: The advent of fetal hemodynamic studies performed in conjunction with Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical arteries enabled clinicians to detect abnormal fetal blood flow and evaluate perfusion of the fetal organs. Technological advances have permitted the study of other vessels, including the renal artery, thereby improving fetal surveillance. The aim of this work is to study the relation of renal artery flow velocity waveforms and amniotic fluid volume in normal pregnancies and those complicated by either polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios. Methods: this study included 60 women, into 3 groups; Group (I): included 20 women with normal amniotic fluid volume, Group (II): 20 women with oligohydramnios, Group (III): 20 women with polyhydramnios. Pulsed wave Doppler sonographic studies was performed on the participants placed in the left lateral position with a 3.5-MHz convex transducer. The wall filter will be set at the lowest available setting (50–75 Hz) to preserve the end-diastolic component of the waveform. Results and Conclusion: There is a relation between renal artery flow velocity waveforms and Amniotic fluid index , whether normal, oligohydramnios or polyhydraamnios, using Pulsed wave Doppler Ultrasonography. An increase in Renal Artery PI value develops in relation to decreased AFI (Oligohydramnios) especially in the third trimester, which may be an indicator for rapid delivery to save the life of the fetus. Oligohydramnios could be predicted according to changes in the Renal artery PI values. In pregnancies with increased AFI (Polyhydramnios) , Renal artery PI values were decreased