After reviewing the importance of the research topic and its approach, and so that its study comes on the basis of the sound scientific and philosophical method, especially since it was dealt with through historical, philosophical and jurisprudential aspects. Thought and its importance, then we are exposed to the topic of research through two sections. In the first section, we deal with the historical roots of thought in ancient times through the study of thought in ancient Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, ancient Greece, ancient Roman thought and among the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era, and we conclude this section by talking about thought in the heavenly religions. And some non-heavenly religions.