Background: Healthcare personnel may face diagnostic and management difficulties when dealing with the complicated but prevalent issue of challenging behavior in people with intellectual impairments. Although challenging behavior is typical with intellectual impairment, it may be challenging to detect and treat. It may harm the person's quality of life and need hospitalization. This article covered the complicated link between mental illness and the etiology of problematic behavior (including the nuanced connection to mental illness), diagnostic issues, the most recent research on psychosocial and pharmaceutical therapies, and service provision.

Conclusion: Positive behavioral support, a values-led and person-centered approach to behavioral treatments for decreasing problematic behavior, is gaining popularity. It is encouraging to think that evidence-based care for people with intellectual and developmental impairments and challenging behavior will improve as a result of the growing number of treatment options for this behavior and the ongoing development of research design, such as randomized controlled trials.