Introduction: Glaucoma is a recognized complication of pediatric cataract surgery. Despite improved surgical techniques, the incidence of glaucoma following successful cataract removal remains high. A significant number of surgeons regard aphakia as a cause of glaucoma. This glaucoma, however, may be better described as ‘glaucoma in aphakia and pseudophakia'. Other complications, retinal detachment. It was found that retinal detachment is infrequent following aphakia in pediatric cataract surgery, at least at short term follow-up. Corneal astigmatism is recognized as a problem arising from cataract surgery.
Aim of the work: To evaluate postoperative complications (early and late) after pediatric cataract surgery in Sohag University Hospital
Patients and Methods: A prospective, randomized study, patients were divided into 3 groups based on the surgical technique they had undergone. Group A "25 patients" : patients who have undergone Lensectomy anterior vitrectomy (LAV). GroupB"24patients": patients who have undergone Extracapsular cataract extraction, primary posterior capsulorhexis or capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantation (ECCE/PPC/AV/IOL). Group C"26patients": patients who have undergone Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and IOL Implantation (ECCE/IOL)
Results: Early postoperative complications were diagnosed in 34 eyes (35.1%). Postoperative iritis occurred in 7 eyes (7.2%) with mild inflammatory reaction. Striate keratopathy was found in 4 eyes (4.12 %) and cleared after frequent topical steroid application. Postoperative endophthalmitis: occurred in one eye in group A in the second postoperative day. Twenty-four hours later, 3 ports pars plana vitrectomy was done but unfortunately the eye passed into atrophia. Early IOL capture occurred in 2 eyes (2.1%) with PMMA IOL. Both patients belonged to group C. Both occurred in the second postoperative day. Postoperative retinal detachment (RD) occurred in one eye (1%) in group B, Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) occurred in 30 eyes (31%) during the first 3 months of follow up. Seven eyes (7.2%) belonged to group A. In group B, 5 eyes (5.1%) had PCO, Late IOL capture occurred in 9 eyes (9.3%). These included 5 eyes (5.2%) in group B; among them 4 eyes (4.1%) had been implanted PMMA IOL.  
Conclusion: Complications after cataract surgery in children are often associated with a robust inflammatory reaction or secondary opacity and, in infants, glaucoma