ABSTRACT
Introduction: intracanal medicaments have an important role in disinfecting of
the pulp space and in endodontic regenerative procedures. These medications come
in close contact with the periradicular tissue, thus their degradation products must be
biocompatible with the periapical tissue. Otherwise, these medicaments will result
in intense inflammatory reaction. Aim of the study: The purpose of this in vitro
study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of three intracanal medications;
Neem oil, double antibiotic paste (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Materials and Methods: Immortalized human gingival fibroblast cells were retrieved
from the cell bank and then cultured. Three different intracanal medications (Neem
oil, DAP, Ca(OH)2) were added to the cultured cells. Cell viability was evaluated
using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and
Apoptosis/necrosis assays. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA
and post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Ca(OH)2 recorded the highest significant cytotoxicity
followed by Neem oil, then DAP which recorded the lowest significant cytotoxicity.
Cytotoxicity of the three intracanal medicaments used were directly proportional to
their concentrations Conclusion: DAP could be better recommended as intracanal
medicament in regenerative endodontic procedures because of its biocompatibility
compared to the other tested medications.