The mechanism of interaction of radiation especially with organic material explains the ways of optimum utilization of nuclear energy and to avoid its harmful effects. Nowadays three principal mechanisms are adopted to interpret the formation of radiolytic products. These three principal mechanisms are: free radical mechanism, excited state mechanism and interaction with solvated electrons. The presence of atmospheric oxygen, impurities, scavengers, as well as type of solvent, type of radiation, dose and dose rate affect on the mechanism of the radiolytic reaction. The adopted mechanisms are supposed according to the experimental found free radicals and radiolytic products. The review collected most adopted mechanisms for the most important organic compounds. Summarized mechanisms for radiolysis of hydrocarbons , alkyl halides , olefins , unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons , alcohols , organic acids are shown . Also the mechanism of radiolysis of aqueous solutions of some organic compounds is offered. Finally some important technological applications of radiation a: e offered.