Background: Thyroid hormones are important in hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis. Thyroid dysfunction, including hypo and hyperthyroidism, are associated with variable hematological abnormalities, particularly anemia. Thyroid disorders are associated with not only quantitative hematological defects but also with functional abnormalities of blood cells.
Objectives: To evaluate the daily routine blood cell parameters with thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism).
Patients and Methods: This Prospective study was conducted from October 2020 and May 2021 at the clinical pathology department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. One hundred Egyptian patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroid and hyperthyroid) and fifty healthy volunteers (subjects without thyroid dysfunction) as a control group were enrolled in the study. History and clinical examination were done as well as the following laboratory investigations, complete blood count, blood smear, reticulocyte count, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free T3, and free T4.
Results: From our study, we found that WBC count and differentiation and platelet count and Retics have no significant association with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism patients. In the hypothyroid group, microcytic hypochromic anemia was a common finding. Some patients show anisocytosis. In the hyperthyroid group, some patients show mild microcytic hypochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Additionally, few patients show normocytic normochromic anemia.
Conclusion: Microcytic hypochromic anemia and anisocytosis were common findings in patients with hypothyroidism. Both normocytic normochromic anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia were seen in hyperthyroidism patients. However, microcytic anemia was more common. Anisocytosis was frequently seen in both conditions.