Background: Premature term infants are commonly impacted by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a blinding illness. The most significant risks are low birth weight, preterm, and oxygen treatment for prolonged period.
Objective: Is to assess the frequency of ROP in premature infants and to determine the hazard factors that lead to retinopathy of prematurity.

Patients and Methods: In this research, 100 preterm infants were hospitalized to Al-Azhar University Hospitals' NICU. Clinical examination was done included weight, gestational age, vital signs, , CNS, chest , heart , and abdominal examination .Local eye examination was done by according to specific protocol . All findings were documented with Ret Cam.

Results: This study included 100 newborn infants, of them 22 cases affected with ROP and 78 cases were free. There were 11 cases of ROP at stage I, 8 cases of ROP at stage II, and 3 cases of ROP at stage III.
Lower gestational age, lower birth weight, sepsis, receiving oxygen treatment and its duration, and intraventricular hemorrhage were all important risk factors for ROP development. While non significant risk factors were sex, mode of delivery , phototherapy and patent ductus arteriosus

Conclusion: Short gestational age, reduced birth weight, neonatal sepsis, and oxygen treatment for a period >1 week are all important risk factors for ROP. Early screening and appropriate treatment are necessary to prevent blindness from ROP.