ABSTRACT
Background: T1D is a common autoimmune disease, globally, diabetes affects over four hundred million individuals, with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (T1D) accounting for up to 10 percent of cases.
Objectives: To shed light on and evaluate the frequency of Treg cells in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Patients and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in the period 9/2019 to 3/2020 at diabetes and Internal medicine clinics of Al-Azhar and Ain Shams University Hospitals. 60 adult males and females aged between 19 - 40 years old who were diagnosed with type 1 DM (Group I) were offered participation in the study, later we subdivided them regarding the percentage of HBA1C to two groups:- (Ia) controlled DM, (Ib) uncontrolled DM.
Results: There is a considerable decrease of Tregs in patients with T1D in comparison with those in healthy subjects. There was a highly significant difference between patients with type 1 DM and healthy subjects regarding Tregs percentage, being higher in healthy subjects. There was a highly significant difference between patients with T1D and healthy subjects regarding FOXP3 percentage, being higher in healthy subjects while its level in diabetic subjects.
Conclusion: There is a considerable decrease of Tregs in patients with T1D in comparison with those in healthy subjects, there is no correlation between Treg percentage and the patients' age, there is no relation between the frequency of Tregs and the control of blood sugar in type 1 diabetic patients.