The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of L-arginine on pancreas function in rats treated with LPS. Therefore, rats were weighed, randomly divided into 4 groups, and intraperitoneally injected as follows: Control group (saline), LPS group, L-Arg group (for 7 days), and LPS+L-Arg group (for 7 days then once injected with LPS). Serum IL-6, glucose, and insulin levels were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after last injection. Histological examination of the pancreas tissue was performed. Serum IL-6 elevated significantly 6 and 12 hours after LPS injection and retrieved at 24 and 72 hours. Association of LPS and L-Arg potentiate IL-6 production at 6 and 12 hours higher than that in L-Arg-treated group. Serum glucose was declined in single LPS-treated rats 6 and 12 hours and recovered at 24 and 72 hours after LPS injection. On contrary, Serum glucose were elevated 6 and 12 hours and declined near to control level 24 and 72 h after L-Arg injection. However, insulin levels were slightly elevated 12, 24 and 72 hours after LPS injection and 12 hours after LPS+L-Arg injection the rescued around the normal values at 24 and 72 hours. On contrary, serum insulin level decrease at 6 hours after L-Arg injection then recovered to control level. Histologically, rats treated with LPS showed necrosis, vacuolation in islets of Langerhans with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Pre-treatment of L-Arg prior LPS attenuated the alteration in pancreas tissue architecture however, rats treated with L-Arg showed normal pancreas tissue.