Schistosomiasis is a worldwide disease and affects more than 200 million individuals around the world but its treatment depending only on a single orally drug, praziquantel.
Since praziquantel was developed in 1970, it has replaced other anti-schistosomal drugs to become only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiasis due to, high efficacy, excellent tolerability, few and transient side effects, simple administration and competitive cost, but many factors can affect on its efficacy (internal such as; ph, enzymes or external such as; temperature, humidity).
         So the development of a vaccine would be essential for the control of schistosomiasis, which is recognized as the most important human helminths infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. A new approach of oral vaccination with chitosan nanoparticles appears interesting because of their great stability and the ease of target accessibility, besides chitosan immunostimulatory properties.
          This work aimed to study the effect of chitosan loaded with praziquantel nanoparticles as a delivery drug system on parasitological parameters such as (worm burden, oogram, in addition to the effect of the drug on biochemical parameters.
          The results showed that chitosan loaded with PZQ as nanoparticles have a great effect on worm burden reduction reached 97.12% and worm's stages reached 99.6% dead ova.Also it improved host biochemical parameters performance.The present study suggests that drug delivery system represented in chitosan has more advantages rather than taking the treatment (PZQ) orally alone.